Only regulated entities have responsibilities under the New Vehicle Efficiency Standard Act 2024(Opens in a new tab/window) (NVES Act). From 1 July 2025, the NVES Act sets carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions targets (emissions targets) for new light passenger cars and commercial vehicles up to 4.5 tonnes gross vehicle mass (GVM). Entities have a duty to meet or beat the emissions targets for the vehicles they supply to the Australian market over a performance period.